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The Golden Rule in Islam

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From Wikipedia:

The Golden Rule or ethic of reciprocity is a maxim,[1] ethical code or morality[2] that essentially states either of the following:

  • (Positive form of Golden Rule): One should treat others as one would like others to treat oneself.[1]
  • (Negative form of Golden Rule): One should not treat others in ways that one would not like to be treated (also known as the Silver Rule).

This concept describes a “reciprocal”, or “two-way”, relationship between one’s self and others that involves both sides equally, and in a mutual fashion.[3][4]

goldenrule

This concept can be explained from the perspective of psychology, philosophy, sociology and religion. Psychologically, it involves a person empathizing with others. Philosophically, it involves a person perceiving their neighbor as also “an I” or “self.”[3][4] Sociologically, this principle is applicable between individuals, between groups, and also between individuals and groups. (For example, a person living by this rule treats all people with consideration, not just members of his or her in-group). Religion is an integral part of the history of this concept.[1][5]

As a concept, the Golden Rule has a history that long predates the term “Golden Rule”, or “Golden law”, as it was called from the 1670s.[1][6] As a concept of “the ethic of reciprocity,” it has its roots in a wide range of world cultures, and is a standard way that different cultures use to resolve conflicts.[1][5] It has a long history, and a great number of prominent religious figures and philosophers have restated its reciprocal, “two-way” nature in various ways (not limited to the above forms).[1]

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The Golden Rule is implicitly expressed in some verses of the Qur’an, but is explicitly declared in the sayings of Muhammad. A common transliteration is:Amal ma’a naas kamaa ta hub an nafsik’.

From the Qur’an: the first verse recommends the positive form of the rule, and the subsequent verses condemn not abiding the negative form of the Golden Rule:

“…and you should forgive And overlook: Do you not like God to forgive you? And Allah is The Merciful Forgiving.”

— Qur’an (Surah 24, “The Light,” v. 22)

“Woe to those… who, when they have to receive by measure from men, they demand exact full measure, but when they have to give by measure or weight to men, give less than due”

— Qur’an (Surah 83, “The Dealers in Fraud,” vv. 1–4)

“…orphans and the needy, give them something and speak kindly to them. And those who are concerned about the welfare of their own children after their death, should have fear of God [Treat other people’s Orphans justly] and guide them properly.”

— Qur’an (Surah 4, “The Women,” vv. 8-9)

“O you who believe! Spend [benevolently] of the good things that you have earned… and do not even think of spending [in alms] worthless things that you yourselves would be reluctant to accept.”

— Qur’an (Surah 2, “The Calf,” v. 267)

“They assign daughters to Allah, Who is above having a child [whether male or female] and to themselves they assign what they desire [which is a male child]; And when the news of the birth of a female child is brought to one of them His face darkens and he hides his inward Grief and anger… They attribute to Allah what they dislike [For themselves] and their tongues assert the lie that the best reward will be theirs! Undoubtedly, the Hell fire shall be their lot and they will be foremost [in entering it].”

— Qur’an (Surah 16, “The Honey Bees,” vv. 57-62)

From the hadith, the collected oral and written accounts of Muhammad and his teachings during his lifetime:

A Bedouin came to the prophet, grabbed the stirrup of his camel and said: O the messenger of God! Teach me something to go to heaven with it. Prophet said: “As you would have people do to you, do to them; and what you dislike to be done to you, don’t do to them. Now let the stirrup go! [This maxim is enough for you; go and act in accordance with it!]”

—Kitab al-Kafi, vol. 2, p. 146

“None of you [truly] believes until he wishes for his brother what he wishes for himself.”

—An-Nawawi’s Forty Hadith 13 (p. 56)[62]

“Seek for mankind that of which you are desirous for yourself, that you may be a believer.”

—Sukhanan-i-Muhammad (Teheran, 1938)[63]

“That which you want for yourself, seek for mankind.”[63]

“The most righteous person is the one who consents for other people what he consents for himself, and who dislikes for them what he dislikes for himself.”[63]

Ali ibn Abi Talib (4th Caliph in Sunni Islam, and first Imam in Shia Islam) says:

“O’ my child, make yourself the measure (for dealings) between you and others. Thus, you should desire for others what you desire for yourself and hate for others what you hate for yourself. Do not oppress as you do not like to be oppressed. Do good to others as you would like good to be done to you. Regard bad for yourself whatever you regard bad for others. Accept that (treatment) from others which you would like others to accept from you… Do not say to others what you do not like to be said to you.”

—Nahjul Balaghah, Letter 31 [64]

Other hadiths calling for the golden rule are:

Anas related that the prophet (peace be upon him) said: “None of you is truly a Muslim until he loves for his brother what he loves for himself”. (Reported in Sahih Muslim and Sahih Bukhari).
Whoever wishes to be delivered from the fire and to enter paradise should treat other people as they wish to be treated themselves. (reported by Sahih Muslim).
Do unto all men as you would wish to have done unto you; and reject for others what you would reject for yourself. (Reported by Abu Dawud).

Suggested reading

Two Hundred Verses about Compassionate Living in the Quran

Forty Hadiths or Sayings of the Prophet Muhammad about Compassionate Living

References

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  2. ^ W.A. Spooner, “The Golden Rule,” in James Hastings, ed. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. 6 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1914) pp. 310–12, quoted in Rushworth M. Kidder, How Good People Make Tough Choices: Resolving the Dilemmas of Ethical Living, Harper, New York, 2003. ISBN 0-688-17590-2. p. 159
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b c Towards a Global Ethic (An Initial Declaration) ReligiousTolerance.org. – Under the subtitle, “We Declare,” see third paragraph. The first line reads, “We must treat others as we wish others to treat us.”
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    Wattles (192)
    Rost (100)
    Donaldson Dwight M. 1963. Studies in Muslim Ethics, p. 82. London: S.P.C.K.
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  44. ^ Epistle to the Son of the Wolf, p. 30
  45. ^ Words of Wisdom See: The Golden Rule
  46. ^ Bahá’u’lláh, Gleanings, LXVI:8
  47. ^ Hidden Words of Bahá’u’lláh, p. 10
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  49. ^ tasmād dharma-pradhānéna bhavitavyam yatātmanā | tathā cha sarva-bhūtéṣhu vartitavyam yathātmani ||

    तस्माद्धर्मप्रधानेन भवितव्यं यतात्मना। तथा च सर्वभूतेषु वर्तितव्यं यथात्मनि॥|title = Mahābhārata Shānti-Parva 167:9)
  50. ^ “”Gautama Buddha (B.C. 623-543)” by T.W. Rhys-Davids, The World’s Great Events, B.C. 4004–A.D. 70 (1908) by Esther Singleton, pp. 124–135″. Unz.org. 28 November 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
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  56. ^ Ivanhoe and Van Norden translation, 68–69
  57. ^ Hubbard, L. Ron (2012). “Precept 19”. The Way to Happiness. The Way to Happiness Foundation International. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
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  61. ^ Towards a Global Ethic – Urban Dharma – Buddhism in America (This link includes a list of 143 signatories and their respective religions.)
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  71. ^ Defined another way, it “refers to the balance in an interactive system such that each party has both rights and duties, and the subordinate norm of complementarity states that one’s rights are the other’s obligation.“Bornstein, Marc H. (2002). Handbook of Parenting. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. p. 5. ISBN 978-0-8058-3782-7. See also: Paden, William E. (2003). Interpreting the Sacred: Ways of Viewing Religion. Beacon Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-8070-7705-4.
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Categories: Human compassion, Human Courtship, Human Rights, Human values, Humanity First, Islam, Religion

4 replies ›

  1. Pingback: Golden Rule Day April 5th 2019 | Look at RE and PSHCE

  2. None of those verses could be considered as representing a moral golden rule. They are all conditional and specific.
    Especially when taken in their fullest context. Where Islam talks about “humanity”, it really means “Muslims”. The Quran does its best to dehumanize all non-Muslims!
    Non-Muslims may be enslaved or murdered. Those who leave Islam are “the worst of creatures” etc.
    The fact that Islam is so explicit about the non-humanity of non-Muslims makes a mockery of any “golden rule” under Islam.
    A golden rule is UNIVERSAL and applies unconditionnaly. It implicitly recognizes the shared humanity of all human beings irrespective of their religion, race, origin etc.
    If you cannot say that a non-Muslim, including someone who does not believe in any kind of god, is worth as much as a Muslim and deserves the exact same rights, you do not have a golden rule.
    Note that some of the greatest geniuses of humanity did not believe in a god. Non-believers are just as likely to be honest, decent and trustworthy as a believer in some god.
    So believing in some “god” does not make a person better, smarter, more honest our whatever.

    Reply

  3. I don’t have to look at some web site, I have the original texts of Islam to go by: the Quran and the core Hadiths, the ones that are rated “Sahih”.

    Start with 2:7-2:10 where Mohammed basically explains that it is “Allah” who decides who will or will not be a believer. Apparently, no one has any choice over it. Those he chose to turn into non-Muslims will be punished.

    2:7 Allah has set a seal upon their hearts and upon their hearing, and over their vision is a veil. And for them is a great punishment.

    Mohammed clearly told his followers to treat non-Muslims completely differently from Muslims:

    3:28 Let not believers take disbelievers as allies rather than believers. And whoever [of you] does that has nothing with Allah, except when taking precaution against them in prudence. And Allah warns you of Himself, and to Allah is the [final] destination.

    9:29 Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the Jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.

    8:39 And fight with them until there is no more fitna (disorder, unbelief) and religion should be only for Allah.

    So basically, as long as I oppose Islam, that’s considered “fitna” and Muslims will fight me? How is that compatible with a universal rule.

    Muslims are allowed to preach and say that Islam means “peace”, but I’m not allowed to speak out against it? That’s hypocrisy!

    Mohammed, in the Quran, calls me “worst of creatures” for not believing in the cult he invented:

    98:6 Indeed, they who disbelieved among the People of the Scripture and the polytheists will be in the fire of Hell, abiding eternally therein. Those are the worst of creatures.

    Muslims are clearly treated differently from non-Muslims:

    4:91 The blood of a Muslim who confesses that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am His Apostle, cannot be shed except in three cases: In Qisas for murder, a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse and the one who reverts from Islam (apostate) and leaves the Muslims.

    No universal rule!

    It’s often just plain barbaric:

    Narrated Abu Huraira: The Prophet ﷺ said, “No prayer is harder for the hypocrites than the Fajr and the ‘Isha’ prayers and if they knew the reward for these prayers at their respective times, they would certainly present themselves (in the mosques) even if they had to crawl.” The Prophet added, “Certainly I decided to order the Mu’adh-dhin (call-maker) to pronounce Iqama and order a man to lead the prayer and then take a fire flame to burn all those who had not left their houses so far for the prayer along with their houses.”
    — Sahih Bukhari Vol.1, 11, 626

    Muslim 1:33 The Messenger of Allah said: I have been commanded to fight against people till they testify that there is no god but Allah, that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.

    Another illustration that shows that I’m not given any option and there’s no equal treatment for Muslims and non-Muslims.

    Reply

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