In a six-page letter to CNN, the Xinjiang government denied such procedures were forced and instead claimed all measures were voluntary, but confirmed the number of births in the region plummeted by a third between 2017 and 2018.

The response came a month after the US news network published a report about an alleged campaign of abuse against the Uighur community, which included claims of forced sterilisation and use of intrauterine devices (IUDs) in order to suppress the birth rate.

The report cited figures published by Adrian Zenz, a senior fellow at the Victims of Communism Memorial Foundation, who cited official Chinese documents showing the number of sterilisations in the region had surged from 50 people per 100,000 in 2016, to 250 per 100,000 in 2018 – a fivefold increase.

Mr Zens said the alleged practice could fall foul of Article 2 of the United Nations convention against genocide, which includes “imposing measures intended to prevent births” within a religious group.

But the Xinjiang government strongly denied the accusations, insisting the Uighur population had been “growing steadily” in recent years. Official figures show Xinjiang’s population growing by more than 3 million people between 2010 and 2018.

“The rights and interests of [Uighur] and other ethnic minorities have been fully protected,” the government said. “The so-called ‘genocide’ is pure nonsense.”

However officials did not deny that the birth rate in the region dropped from almost 16 people per 1,000 in 2017, to less than 11 per 1,000 in 2018. They said it was because of “the comprehensive implementation of the family planning policy”.

In 2016 China implemented its two-child policy, which limited couples – including Uighurs – to having two children, though Uighurs in rural communities could have up to three.