- Selected Sayings of The Holy Prophet of Islam [pdf 3MB]
- Forty Gems of Beauty by Hardhat Mirza Bashir Ahmad, MAra
- Read selected Ahadith from the book Gardens of the Righteous [pdf 15MB]
- And more Ahadith in Wisdom of The Holy Prophet [pdf 2MB] by Muhammad Zafrulla Khanra
- Sahih Bukhari (with Urdu translation and commentary) – Search Engine
- Sahih Muslim (with Urdu translation and commentary)
- Hadiqatus Saleheen pdf (with Urdu translation)
- Authenticity of Hadith (powerpoint presentation)
SOURCE:
http://www.alislam.org/holyprophet/index.html#ahadith
Hadith
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A hadith (/ˈhædɪθ/[1] or /hɑːˈdiːθ/;[2] Arabic: حديث ḥadīth, English plural: ahadith, hadith or hadiths أحاديث, ʼaḥādīth[3]) is one of various reports describing the words, actions, or habits of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.[3] The term comes from Arabic meaning a “report”, “account” or “narrative”. Hadith are second only to the Quran in developing Islamic jurisprudence,[4] and regarded as important tools for understanding the Quran and commentaries (tafsir) written on it. Some important elements of traditional Islam, such as the five salat prayers, are mentioned in hadith.[5]
The hadith literature is based on spoken reports that were in circulation in society after the death of Muhammad. Unlike the Qur’an the hadiths were not quickly and concisely compiled during and immediately after Muhammad’s life.[3] Hadith were evaluated and gathered into large collections during the 8th and 9th centuries, generations after the death of Muhammad, after the end of the era of the “rightful” Rashidun Caliphate, over 1,000 km (620 mi) from where Muhammad lived.
Each hadith consists of two parts, the isnad (Arabic: ‘support’), or the chain of transmitters through which a scholar traced the matn, or text, of a hadith back to the Prophet.[6][7][8] Individual hadith are classified by Muslim clerics and jurists as sahih (“authentic”), hasan(“good”) or da’if (“weak”).[9] However, there is no overall agreement: different groups and different individual scholars may classify a hadith differently.
Different branches of Islam (Sunni, Shia, Wahabi, Ibadi) as well as the Ahmadiyya refer to different collections of hadith, and the relatively small sect of Quranists reject the authority of any of the hadith collections.[10][11]
Etymology[edit]
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In Arabic, the noun ḥadīth (Arabic: حديث ḥadīth IPA: [ħaˈdiːθ]) means “report”, “account”, or “narrative”.[12][13] Its Arabic plural is ʾaḥādīth (أحاديث) (IPA: [ʔaħaːˈdiːθ]).[3] Hadith also refers to the speech of a person.[14]
Definition[edit]
In Islamic terminology, according to Juan Campo, the term hadith refers to reports of statements or actions of Muhammad, or of his tacit approval or criticism of something said or done in his presence,[15] though some sources (Khaled Abou El Fadl) limit hadith to verbal reports and include the deeds of Muhammad and reports about his companions only in the Sunnah.[16]
Classical hadith specialist Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani says that the intended meaning of hadith in religious tradition is something attributed to Muhammad but that is not found in the Quran.[17] Other associated words possess similar meanings including: khabar (news, information) often refers to reports about Muhammad, but sometimes refers to traditions about his companions and their successors from the following generation; conversely, athar (trace, vestige) usually refers to traditions about the companions and successors, though sometimes connotes traditions about Muhammad. The word sunnah (custom) is also used in reference to a normative custom of Muhammad or the early Muslim community.[15]
Components[edit]
The two major aspects of a hadith are the text of the report (the matn), which contains the actual narrative, and the chain of narrators (the isnad), which documents the route by which the report has been transmitted.[7][15] The isnad was an effort to document that a hadith had actually come from Muhammad, and Muslim scholars from the eighth century until today have never ceased repeating the mantra “The isnad is part of the religion – if not for the isnad, whoever wanted could say whatever they wanted.”[7] The isnad means literally ‘support’, and it is so named due to the reliance of the hadith specialists upon it in determining the authenticity or weakness of a hadith.[18] The isnad consists of a chronological list of the narrators, each mentioning the one from whom they heard the hadith, until mentioning the originator of the matn along with the matn itself.
The first people to hear hadith were the companions who preserved it and then conveyed it to those after them. Then the generation following them received it, thus conveying it to those after them and so on. So a companion would say, “I heard the Prophet say such and such.” The Follower would then say, “I heard a companion say, ‘I heard the Prophet.'” The one after him would then say, “I heard someone say, ‘I heard a Companion say, ‘I heard the Prophet…” and so on.[19]
Different schools[edit]
Different branches of Islam refer to different collections of hadith, though the same incident may be found in hadith in different collections:
- In the Sunni branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are the six books, of which Sahih al-Bukhari and Sahih Muslim generally have the highest status. The other books of hadith are Sunan Abu Dawood, Jami` at-Tirmidhi, Al-Sunan al-Sughra and Sunan ibn Majah. However the Malikis, one of the four Sunni “schools of thought” (madhhabs), traditionally reject Sunan ibn Majah and assert the canonical status of Muwatta Imam Malik.
- In the Shi’a branch of Islam, the canonical hadith collections are the Four Books: Kitab al-Kafi, Man la yahduruhu al-Faqih, Tahdhib al-Ahkam, and Al-Istibsar.
- In the Ibadi branch of Islam, the main canonical collection is the Tartib al-Musnad. This is an expansion of the earlier Jami Sahih collection, which retains canonical status in its own right.
- The Ahmadiyya sect generally rely on the Sunni canons.
Some minor groups, collectively known as Quranists, reject the authority of the hadith collections.[10][11]
The hadith also had a profound and controversial influence on moulding the commentaries (tafsir) of the Quran. The earliest commentary of the Quran known as Tafsir Ibn Abbasis sometimes attributed to the companion Ibn Abbas, but this is rejected by scholars.The hadith were used in forming the basis of Shariah. Much of early Islamic history available today is also based on the hadith and is challenged for lack of basis in primary source material and contradictions based on secondary material available.
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